For decades, cars had dashboard indicators that only monitored the basics: fuel level, oil temperature, coolant temperature and whether the generator or alternator was charging. That all changed in 1981 when federal clean air statutes required catalytic converters to be put on all domestic cars and light trucks, to help reduce the level of smog. Emission control is a process involving sophisticated sensors that compare the air contents entering and leaving the catalytic converter. Because many parts of the engine affect what comes out of the exhaust, it takes an “on board diagnostic” (OBD) system to keep everything performing properly.